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How to determine the projection position of mining right boundary on the vertical projection chart has important practical significance for accurately delineating the scope of resource reserves estimation. Based on adequate study of the resource reserves estimation process, the author combined the current common geological mapping softwares, such as MapGIS and AutoCAD, constructed the three-dimensional mathematical model of the ore body, and deduced the trigonometric function to obtain the formula for determining the projection position of the mining right boundary on the vertical and horizontal projection map of the resource reserve. The projected position of the mining right boundary can be determined quickly and accurately on the vertical projection map of resource reserves. This method can provide data support for reasonable exploitation and utilization of resource reserves within the scope of mining right, and also provide technical support for the mining administrative department to approve and supervise resource reserves within the scope of mining right.
Sanmenxia basin is a small Cenozoic-dominated rift basin in the southern margin of North China Block, and 2D seismic and drilling work of oil and gas exploration has been conducted since the 1950 s. Significant progress was made in 2023, and three exploration phases were divided for 70 years of exploration, including petroleum prospecting and basic geological survey, public-benefit oil and gas geological survey, hydrocarbon breakthrough and resource potential assessment. In recent years, Paleogene hydrocarbon source rocks were identified in the southern basin through public-benefit oil and gas survey, and advanced understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation was obtained. Well Yuxiadi-1 was strategically deployed in Hanguguan structural belt to further evaluate oil and gas potential, and five oil-bearing layers were revealed through logging interpretation. Stable industrial oil flows were obtained during multi-layer testing, marking a historic breakthrough in Sanmenxia basin. Preliminary estimate of the basin's prospective geological resources has been made. Five critical insights emerge from exploration history and oil breakthrough. ① Meticulous field observations enable source rock identification. ② Integrated data analysis enhances fundamental petroleum geology research. ③ Cost-effective technical approaches have been explored, the anderstanding has been deepened and the cloubts have been verified; ④ Synergized geological-engineering integration accelerates discoveries. ⑤ Collaborative central government-local government-enterprise exploration model optimizes resource evaluation. As a representative of China's numerous under-explored medium-small basins, Sanmenxia's rapid transition from source rock discovery to commercial flow achievement boosts confidence for the neighboring basins like Weihe basin and the Southern North China basin, and provides valuable guidance and references for hydrocarbon exploration in structurally similar small-medium basins nationwide.
In order to identify the structural evolution, Paleogene sedimentary characteristics, and hydrocarbon conditions of Sanmenxia basin, the authors studied the structural evolution, fault development, and sedimentary facies characteristics of Sanmenxia basin based on the two-dimensional seismic interpretation, drilling logging data, outcrop features, experimental data, and other data. And the potentials for oil and gas exploration were discussed. The results show that normal faults under 3 active periods were developed in Sanmenxia basin. The first-period faults are basin-controlling faults at the end stage of Yanshanian orogenic movement. The second-period faults are basin internal control concave faults in the Himalayan period. The third-period faults are intra-basin tear faults in Pleistocene System. Sanmenxia basin has experienced five evolutional stages: Precambrian metamorphic basement and depression trough formation stage, Paleozoic transgression and orogeny stage, the formation stage of Mesozoic graben type faults basin, the development stage of Paleogene faults basin and basin finalization stage. Four sedimentary facies, including alluvial fan facies, meandering river facies, delta facies and lacustrine facies, 9 sedimentary subfacies and 15 sedimentary microfacies were identified. Organic carbon content of dark mudstone in Xiao'an Formation is 2.7%, indicating good material base for hydrocarbon generation. The distribution range of vitrinite reflectrance is 0.7%~1.1%, Hydracarbon Source rocks enter the main hydrocarbon production stage, and the organic matter type is mainly type Ⅱ with some of type Ⅲ, indicating medium-good source rock. The delta facies and alluvial fan facies lay the foundation for reservoir development, with the average porosity of 19.79% and the permeability of (5~150)×10-3 μm2, indicating medium porosity -medium low permeability reservoir with good physical properties. The source-reservoir-cap assemblage of lower-source and upper-reservoir model and self-generation and self-storage model was developed. It is speculated that the type of new source and old reservoir model is also developed, meaning it has material basis and geological conditions for the formation and enrichment of oil and gas. The industrial oil flow was obtained during the drilling of Yushandi No.1 well, which further confirms that Sanmenxia basin has certain potentials for oil and gas exploration.
The classification of current soil parent material types has not yet formed a unified standard. Diverse classification methods were adopted by various industries based on their own needs. To meet the needs of agricultural geological surveys in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region, the authors in this paper took the perspective of rock-soil system as a whole and analyzed the soil characteristics developed from different rocks. A classification scheme for the soil parent materials was proposed based on geological conditions. The study shows that there is a close genetic relationship between soil genesis, development, properties and the physical and chemical properties of the parent rock. The differences in geological conditions are the main factors leading to soil differentiation, significantly affecting the development of ecosystems and the quality of ecological environment. Through the analysis of the rock weathering and soil formation process, 4 primary level classifications were established in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region, including Quaternary loose accumulation parent materials, sedimentary rock parent materials, igneous rock parent materials, and metamorphic rock parent materials, and 26 secondary classifications were also identified. The classification scheme could more accurately and objectively reflect the material transfer process from parent rock to parent material, to soil and the differences in energy distribution on the earth's surface. And it has important practical significance for evaluating soil resource levels, developing and utilizing land resources according to local conditions, and scientifically and rationally managing the ecological environment.
Renli deposit in Hunan Province is the richest and largest super-large pegmatitic tantalum deposit since the foundation of China. And it is rich in rare metal minerals such as tantalum niobium, beryllium and high-purity quartz raw material mineral resources. To understand the quality of pegmatition type high-purity quartz raw materials in this area and provide references for the comprehensive development and utilization of the mine, the authors in this paper carried out a study on the characteristics of quartz raw minerals, inclusions and impurity content in pegmatite, as well as a comparative study with vein quartz in adjacent areas. The results show that the quartz minerals in pegmatite in this area are transparent to semi-transparent, with an average SiO2 content of 99.982%, and the total content of 14 impurity elements such as Al, B, Ca is 110.06×10-6 on average in mineral samples. The average content of Al is 43.18×10-6, and the average content of Ti is 4.90×10-6. Under the microscope, the size of quartz grains are different with certain tensile deformation, and the surface permeability is good. Fifty percent of the grains have no fluid inclusions, and the inclusion type is H2O-NaCl type with gas and liquid phases. The inclusions have various shapes, bright colors, and large individual morphological differences. The diameter of most of the inclusions is less than 4 μm, with the smallest individual being less than 1 μm and largest individual of being more than 32 μm. The area ratio of inclusions in the field of view is less than 5%. The high-purity quartz raw materials in this area have excellent endowment conditions and are excellent high-purity quartz raw materials. It is predicted that the potential resources of high-purity quartz raw materials in Renli deposti exceed 3 000 wt. with reinforcement of research on beneficiation and purification processes, it is expected to obtain high-purity quartz products of 4N8 and above. This research could provide references for the construction of high-purity quartz industry base in Pingjiang County and the development of high-purity quartz industry in the northeastern Hunan Province.
In recent years, the project of Strategic Emerging Industry Mineral Geological Survey, organized and implemented by China Geological Survey, has achieved a series of new advancements in the new round of mineral exploration for “five rare” minerals. After the compilation of the Mineral Geological Atlas of China and potential assessments of key minerals, 88 volumes of the atlas have been officially published focusing on the phased objectives and tasks. Among them, 19 national-level mineral group atlases covering strategic minerals such as fluorite, nickel ore, and antimony ore, as well as 10 provincial-level atlases, have been completed and published. A total of over 200 atlas manuscripts, encompassing “books, maps, databases, and popularization,” have undergone review and acceptance, achieving full coverage of mineral types, mineral localities, and metallogenic belts nationwide. A series of important mineral concentrations, prospective areas, and target areas have been identified, providing basis for the deployment of the new round of strategic action for breakthroughs in mineral exploration. From the perspective of the development of strategic emerging industries, pilot demonstrations for mineral exploration have been carried out for minerals and working areas with greater difficulty, resulting in breakthroughs in the mineral exploration for Jiada large-scale lithium resource base in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province, and facilitating the auction of exploration rights. Besides, breakthroughs have also been made in mineral exploration for rare earth deposits in Longjiagou on the southern periphery and Huandangou on the northern periphery of Maoniuping in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province, contributing to the increase in reserves and production at Maoniuping national-level large-scale resource base. Furthermore, a number of new mineral exploration achievements have been made, including lithium deposits in Altun Mountains of Xinjiang, placer zirconium and hafnium deposits in South China, beryllium-niobium-tantalum deposits on the northern edge of Mufu Mountains, and boron deposits in Tianshan Mountains, laying the foundation for the implementation of the new round of strategic action for breakthroughs in mineral exploration. Significant technological innovations have been achieved in metallogenic theory, metallogenic regularities, deep exploration of concealed ore bodies, green survey and evaluation, and other aspects. Those innovations have shown their value in promotion and application after practice, providing theoretical and technical support for the implementation of the new round of strategic action for breakthroughs in mineral exploration.
Nitrate pollution could present in the underground water due to the human activities like agriculture, industry, residents and mariculture in coastal areas. In order to find out the distribution characteristics and sources of nitrate in the underground water of the coastal areas of South China, the authors in this paper took a typical coastal city-Zhuhai as an example. The mathematical statistics, ion ratio and principal component analysis were adopted to study the distribution characteristics of water chemical, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen, and the sources of nitrate in the underground water. The results show that the underground water is mainly weak acid, and conductivity of deep confined underground water is obviously higher than that of shallow underground water. The chemical type of underground water is mainly Ca2+·Mg2+-HCO3- and Na+-Cl-·SO42- type. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) of pore confined groundwater in loose rocks is mainly composed of NH4+, and the DIN of other types of underground water is mainly NO3-. Nitrate and nitrite exceed the standard in sporadic water samples, and the concentration of nitrate is relatively high in the water samples of hilly areas and intermountain valleys. The ammonia nitrogen of 18.01% underground water samples in loost rocks exceeds the standard, and the high concentration ammonia nitrogen water samples are mainly distributed in the coastal plain area. The chemical characteristics of underground water in the study area is mainly controlled by the weathering, evaporation and seawater mixing of silicate and sulfate minerals. Nitrate in the underground water is mainly from atmospheric precipitation and human activities. Nitrate in clastic pore fissure groundwater, granite metamorphic rook fissure groundwater and pore unconfined groundwater mainly comes from atmospheric precipitation, and agricultural activities. Nitrate in pore confined groundwater in loose rocks and carbonate fissure karst water comes from domestic sewage and mariculture wastewater. This research results could provide scientific basis for the development, utilization and protection of the underground water in the coastal areas of South China.
Jinzhou City is one of the largest crop cultivation cities, and the crop cultivation quality will directly affect the economic development in Jinzhou City. And the crop development is effected by the soil quality. In order to study the soil environmental quality and potential ecological hazards in the northwestern Jinzhou City, the authors took surface soil in Jinzhou City as the study object. The land quality geochemical assessment in the northwestern Jinzhou City was conducted based on soil data obtained from the 1∶ 250 000 geochemical survey of land quality. The geochemical grade of soil enviomment results show that most of the soil in the the northwestern Jinzhou City is in a risk-free state, but Cd has certain risks. The soil fertility characteristics of the northwestern Jinzhou City are rich potassium and low phosphorus and nitrogen. The comprehensive geochemical grade of soil quality in the surface soil of the northwestern Jinzhou City is mainly the third one, with an area of 8 037 km2. The soil area of the second grade is 2 070 km2, and the soil area of the first grade is 143 km2. The geochemical characteristics of soil in the study area show that the Cd, Hg, Cl and Au is extremely mutant. This land is rich in Sr, Hg, Au, Mo, Cl and Cd, compared with land background value of Liao River Basin, and Cd is obviously higher than that in Liao River Basin. The soil type, parent material, and land use type could probably be the main influencing factors for Cd becoming a high risk of pollution. This research could provide basis for land resource planning, efficient and characteristic agricultural development, and ecological civilization construction of Jinzhou City.
Deep-sea scientific drilling is the key approach to investigate the earth's interior. Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) has promoted the settlement of critical technical problems, and achieved the breakthrough of engineering technology and energy resources. The engineering technology research of deep-sea scientific drilling is of great significance for the exploration and exploitation progress of marine energy resources, and for the promotion of earth sciences and marine sciences of China. The engineering technology achievements of international deep-sea scientific drilling were summarized in this paper, and the achievements of deep-sea drilling technology and engineering support project by China Geological Survey were sorted. The research results show that comprehensive research of deep-sea scientific drilling technology were carried out, and a series of deep-sea drilling underwater engineering technology and equipment were developed. The drilling coring technology system was improved, and the drilling accident prevention and treatment technology was obtained. Besides, pre-research on key technologies for deep-sea ultra-deep well drilling was initiated, and a number of innovative research results and progress were obtained. These achievements have strongly supported the establishment of China's deep-sea drilling engineering technology system, and provided strong technical and equipment support for promoting earth system scientific research, which could provide references and guidance for deep-sea scientific drilling technology in China.
Maoniuping deposit in Sichuan Province stands as the world's third-largest rare earth deposit, following Baiyunebo and Mountain Pass, which has great potential in finding alternative resources and ensuring Chinese rare resource advantage. Recently, second-phase exploration breakthrough has been achieved in the southern and northern peripheries of Maoniuping deposit. A concealed thick and rich rare earth-molybdenum orebody was discovered in the northern periphery around Huandangou, through comprehensive survey and evaluation work in the peripheries of Maoniuping deposit, and verified by drilling and the average total rare earth oxide content in borehole ZK4501 reaches 2%. Fifty layers of rare earth orebodies have been explored in the southern periphery, including bastnasite-(Ce)-aegirine-fluorite-barite vein type, bastnasite-(Ce)-fluorite-barite-calcite vein type, bastnasite-(Ce)-aegirine-barite vein type, and bastnasite-(Ce)-fluorite-calcite vein type. The discovery of these new orebodies with high grade and easy mining is another significant breakthrough in rare earth mineral exploration since the implementation of the new round of strategic action for breakthrough in praspecting which is of great significance for enhancing the resource security capabilities of China's second-largest rare earth resource base.
In order to accurately grasp the deformation and development laws of landslides in the accumulation lager on the bank of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the authors conducted a comprehensive study on landslide deformation trends using the rescaled range method, grey model and optimized generalized regression neural network, based on the landslide deformation monitoring data. The research results show that the Hurst exponent of each monitoring point is greater than 0.5 in the landslide deformation trend discrimination results, indicating a continuous increasing trend of landslide deformation. In the deformation prediction results, with the continuous optimization and combination processing of the GM (1,1)-SFLA GRNN model, the prediction accuracy has been significantly improved, indicating that the model construction process is reasonable. Besides, its prediction shows that landslide deformation will continue to increase. The average relative error of the obtained prediction results is between 1.76% and 1.82%, and the training time is between 52.21 ms and 57.23 ms, which has a better prediction effect. Then, BP neural network and support vector machine were introduced for analogical prediction. The results show that the GM (1,1)-SFRA-GRNN model has relatively higher prediction accuracy and faster training speed compared to BP neural network and support vector machine. Comparing the results of landslide deformation trend discrimination and the results of deformation prediction, the authors found that landslide deformation will continue to increase without convergence trend. The necessity of landslide prevention and control is significant, and the rationality of the two analysis methods is mutually supported, providing certain theoretical support for landslide prevention and control.
The exploration degree of Silurian oil and gas in the northwestern part of Tarim Basin was relatively low. The oil and gas discovery was obtained in the eastern segment of Shajingzi structural belt from wells XSD 1 and XSC 1 from 2019 to 2021, and then the industrial gas flow was also achieved in XSD 2 well, which extended westward in 2023. Based on the analysis of drilling, oil testing, geochemical, geological characteristics in Shajingzi area and the results of field profile measurements, and combined with the targeted processing and detailed interpretation of 2D seismic data, the authors in this paper conducted an analysis of the reservoir formation model and evaluation of resource potential. The results are as follows. ① Large sand bodies were developed in Silurian Kepingtage Formation in Shajingzi structural belt, with favorable reservoir-seal assemblages. The wells XSD 2 in the eastern segment, XSC 1 and XSD 1 in the western segment, have all achieved industrial gas flow, revealing the oil and gas potential of Silurian strata; ② Shajingzi fault system is large in scale and long in duration, connecting the high-quality source rocks in the deep part of Awati depression. This fault system also controls the formation of a series of structural traps and structural-lithology traps in Shajingzi structural belt. The reservoir formation period is mainly Himalayan period after the traps were formed, characterized by “fault-dominated, late-stage reservoir formation”; ③ Forty-two traps have been identified in Silurian Kepingtage Formation of Shajingzi structural belt, with a predicted trap resource volume of 198.21 million tons oil equivalent, indicating significant oil and gas exploration potential. The results of the study could provide some references and basis for the next step in the evaluation of the exploration area.
As a clean energy source, hydrogen is widely regarded as an effective strategy for replacing fossil fuels and mitigating environmental issues. Based on the domestic and international research on the occurrence state and phase of hydrogen, and combined with the variations in temperature and pressure under geological conditions, the authors concluded the following insights. ① Natural hydrogen is found in free, dissolved, and adsorbed states in earth's shallow layers and in metal hydrides state in earth's deeper layers. The transformation among these states constitutes a pivotal factor influencing the availability of hydrogen resources. ② In geological settings, natural hydrogen predominantly exists in a supercritical state, and it only transitions to a gaseous form near the surface. Further research is warranted to investigate its characteristics. ③ The potential for natural hydrogen development remains largely unrealized. Future research should focus on the accumulation patterns, migration mechanisms, and preservation conditions of hydrogen to thoroughly explore its development potential. Additionally, the transformation processes between different states provides a novel perspective on understanding the earth's hydrogen cycle. The study on the occurrence state and transformation processes of natural hydrogen could provide theory basis for the accumulation patterns of natural hydrogen, and references for further development and exploitation of natural hydrogen.
In order to meet the application and promotion needs of universal geological disaster monitoring and early warning, the authors took the construction of 40 universal monitoring and early warning demonstration points for landslide hazard in Xupu County of Hunan Province as an example to introduce the entire process of the construction of universal monitoring and early warning demonstration points and the operation of the monitoring and early warning system. Forty monitoring and early warning demonstration points were selected according to the development characteristics, disaster modes, and disaster-causing features of landslide hazard in the study area. The universal equipment such as rain gauges, crack gauges, GNSS displacement meters, moisture meters, and inclination accelerometers were used for the professional detection of key indicators of monitoring and early warning demonstration points, including deformation characteristics, influencing factors and slide precursor. For rainfall and deformation, Pearson model and monitoring data analysis method were adopted to propose rainfall criterion and deformation criterion in the study area. And the monitoring and early warning model was established. The monitoring data were aggregated to the system platform, and the criterion model automatically triggered warnings to send warning information. Wanli landslide was taken as a typical case to analyze the monitoring deployment plan and monitoring data. The rainfall characteristics, deformation features of the landslide, and their correlation were provided in real time, and the effectiveness and early warning capabilities of the universal monitoring equipment were preliminarily demonstrated. The research results could provide technical support for the promotion and application of universal monitoring and early warning work, and it could effectively guide relevant departments to carry out emergency response work at the same time.
In order to understand the geochemical distribution of soil quality in Qianshan City in detail, and utilize land resources scientifically and rationally, the authors in this paper adopted geochemical survey data for land quality to conduct geochemical evaluation and survey of soil quality in Qianshan City. The results show that the comprehensive level of soil nutrients of the study area is mainly medium or relatively deficient, accounting for 88.70% of the total area of the study area. The overall level of soil nutrients in the study area is deficient in Cu, low in B, Co, V, Mn, Mo and high in Zn. The soil environmental quality is mainly risk-free, accounting for 96.89% of the study area, and the risk-controlled area accounts for 3.06% of the study area. The high-risk soil distribution area is small, and it is caused by human-made industrial pollution. The comprehensive grade of soil quality in the area is mainly good and medium, accounting for 47.41% and 41.36% of the study area respectively, and the good quality soil is less, accounting for 8.36% of the study area. The selenium content in the soil is moderate and marginal, and the selenium rich soil area is small, accounting for only 4.98% of the study area. The assessment results could provide references for land use planning, basic farmland construction, agricultural planting structure adjustment, distinctive agricultural development and ecological environment protection in Qianshan City.
The Mesozoic volcanic basin of Greater Khingan Mountains is a favorable area for epithermal volcanic hydrothermal gold deposits. Based on previous delineation of 2 gold prospect areas, Zhangdian and Zhaluomei, during 1:50 000 mineral survey carried out in the western margin of Dayangshu volcanic basin, the authors of this paper conducted verification and inspection of geophysical and chemical exploration anomalies through exploratory trench. A stable extended gold-bearing quartz vein was found in Zhangdian mining area, with a length of about 0.95 km, an apparent thickness of 5~15 m, and its highest gold grade of 88.25×10-6. Two gold ore bodies, one gold mineralized body and one silver ore body, were discovered in Zhaluomei mining area. No.I and No.II gold ore bodies were inferred to be the same gold ore body, with a length more than 600 m, an apparent thickness of 2~3 m, and their highest gold grade of 5.83×10-6. No.IV silver ore body has an apparent thickness of 4.0 m, and its highest grade is (50.90~310.00)×10-6. The authors analyzed the characteristics of soil geochemical anomaly and apparent polarization anomaly of the induced polarization ladder measurement in these two mining areas, and compared these conditions with the metallogenic geological conditions of Sandaowanzi and other gold deposits. The gold deposits in Zhangdian and Zhaluomei mining areas were identified to have medium to large metallogenic resource potential. The discovery of gold deposit in the margin of Dayangshu volcanic basin could provide some reference for the exploration and deployment of gold deposits in the volcanic belt of Greater Khingan Mountains, and promote the improvement of the exploration and research, which could further contribute to the prospecting breakthrough.
Yuxian Basin has rich geothermal resources and complex geological structures. The study on the hydrochemistry, isotope and circulation characteristics of geothermal fluids controlled by geological structures can further promote the development and utilization of geothermal resources and geothermal hot spring health care industry around the capital city. By combining groundwater and atmospheric precipitation, and using multivariate statistics, correlation and characteristic coefficient analysis, the authors studied the geothermal fluid in Yuxian Basin using Piper triplex diagram and Na-K-Mg triangle diagram. The results are as follows. ① The cations in geothermal fluid are mainly Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the anions are mainly HCO3- and SO42-. Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- are mainly derived from the dissolution of carbonate minerals. ② A cation alternat adsorption occurred in geothermal fluid, with the action direction of K+, Na+ into the liquid phase, and Ca2+, Mg2+ into the solid phase. Na+ and Ca2+, Mg2+ are in a state of mutual inhibition. ③ The thermal reservoir formation is poorly sealed, the concentration degree and metamorphism degree of geothermal fluid are low, indicating a significant affection by infiltration water and shallow surface oxidation. The main source of geothermal fluid recharge is atmospheric precipitation, and the runoff path is short with fast water cycle. ④ The heat storage temperature was 37.32~57.36 ℃, the maximum circulating depth of heat storage in Wumishan Formation of Jixian System was 1 715~2 640 m, and the maximum circulating depth of the heat storage in Gaoyuzhuang Formation of Jixian System was 3 291~3 337 m, with the average value of 3 314 m. The interaction between groundwater and rock under geological structure was revealed, which could provide certain guidance in studying the hydrochemical evolution and dynamic characteristics of geothermal fluid in this area.
Fengyang Jiangshan gold mine is the largest gold deposit in eastern Anhui Province. In recent years, multiple exploration projects have been implemented in its surrounding areas without any good prospecting results. Through the use of geophysical methods, such as gravity scanning, gravity magnetic profiling, and audio magnetotelluric depth sounding (AMT), the authors summarized the characteristics of regional gravity and magnetic fields and considered that there are hidden tectonic magmatic rocks in the study area. The AMT low resistance anomaly zone is believed to be corresponded well with the gold bearing interlayer fracture zone, after the analysis of the geophysical characteristics of known mineral deposits. Besides, Lutang fault is the main ore controlling structure in the area, on basis of the summary and analysis of the geological conditions and laws of mineralization. Through gravity inversion, it is believed that the top interface burial depth of hidden rock mass in the deep part is mostly around 1 100 m. The 3D mineralization prediction research in Jiangshan of Fengyang area was conducted by 3D mineralization quantitative prediction method system with 4 steps, and 5 prospecting target areas were identified, providing the basis for the exploration work in the future.
In order to reveal the geochemical characteristics of trace elements in marine surface sediments in Guangdong-Macao in-depth cooperation zone in Hengqin, the authors analyzed the grain size of surface sediments and 14 trace elements. The distribution, source and control factors of trace elements in surface sediments were discussed, combined with element correlation analysis and factor analysis, and the potential ecological risk of heavy metal elements were evaluated. The results are as follows. ① There are five types of surface sediments in the cooperation zone, including sand (S), muddy sand (mS), sandy silt (sZ), silt (Z) and mud (M). ② The content of Zn, V, Cr and Ba in surface sediments of the cooperation zone is relatively high, with an average of more than 100×10-6. The content of Ba is the highest with an average of 431.13×10-6, and content of Cd is the lowest with an average of 0.73×10-6. The average content of other elements is between 15.95×10-6 to 83.03×10-6. The surface sediments in the cooperation zone are enriched in the heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, Zn, As, and Cu, compared with the sediments in Pearl River. ③ Natural weathering of land rock and artificial discharge are the main source of the trace elements in surface sediments of the cooperation zone. The content variation of Sc, Co, Ni and Ga are mainly controlled by sedimentary hydrodynamic environment, while the content variation of Ba and Cd are controlled by human activities. And the contents variation of Pb and Zn are influenced by both natural source and human activities. ④ The average potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in surface sediments in the cooperation zone is 140.79, in generally serious state. This is mainly caused by Cd, indicating the monitoring of Cd should be strengthened. The research results could provide scientific basis for the sustainable development, environmental protection and governance of Guangdong-Macao in-depth cooperation zone in Hengqin.
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