Abstract: Coastal sediment dynamic processes are important foundation for marine engineering applications such as port and navigation maintenance, shoreline protection, offshore wind power development, tidal wetland restoration, and blue carbon. The authors in this paper summarized research advances in coastal sediment dynamic processes and their engineering applications in China. Besides, they systematically summarized physical mechanisms, including sediment source-sink and budget, dominant forcing, and spatiotem-poral scale, as well as the two-way feedbacks among hydrodynamics, geomorphology, and ecosystems. They further compared the applicability and validation requirements of research methods such as multi-scale field surveys and process observations, remote sensing inversion and repeated topographic surveys, and numerical models and digital twins. Five typical scenarios were combined, including port and navigation systems, coastal erosion prevention and beach restoration, offshore wind power and submarine cables, tidal wetland ecological restoration, and blue carbon engineering, to summarize the sediment dynamics research focus of different coastal types and representative regions. Topographic changes in coastal engineering zones not only depended on natural sediment transport at boundaries as well as anthropogenic sediment source-sink and budget, but also were jointly modulated by hydrodynamic conditions, local sediment types, ecology and other factors governing sediment dynamic processes. The integration and complementarity of field surveys, remote sensing imagery, and models could enable a more comprehensive understanding and evaluation of sediment dynamic processes in engineering applications. Sediment intervention approaches and evaluation needs differ significantly among coastal types and engineering objectives, requiring a shift from short-term or local indicator evaluation to comprehensive assessment of long-term engineering effectiveness. This study highlighted the complexity of coastal sediment dynamic processes, and could provide insights for sediment dynamics theory and coastal engineering applications such as port and navigation maintenance, shoreline protection, and ecological restoration, and could also provide references for regional coastal development, utilization, and protection.