Abstract: Qinhe River Basin is an important tributary of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and it is of great significance to study its ecological protection and restoration for the high quality development of the Yellow River Basin. According to the results of the ecological geological survey, the authors selected 11 main factors affecting the ecological geological vulnerability of Qinyuan County, including geological background and natural environment et al, to establish an evaluation index system. The geographical information system and the analytic hierarchy process were used to carry out the ecological geological vulnerability assessment of Qinyuan County. And specific suggestions on ecological protection and restoration were put forward for each ecological geological vulnerability zone. The results show that the mildly vulnerable area of ecological geology in Qinyuan County is mainly distributed in Qinhe River and its tributary river valleys, accounting for 1.1%. The moderately vulnerable area is mainly distributed from the western Wangtao Town to the northwestern Lingkongshan Town, and from Eastern Guodao Town to Northern Fazhong Town, accounting for 81.16%. The highly vulnerable area is mainly distributed in Wanghe Town—Guodao Town—Guantan Town area in the northern Qinyuan County and Liyuan Town—Lingkongshan Town area in the central and southern Qinyuan County, accounting for 17.74%. And there is no extremely vulnerable area. The county can be divided into 4 ecological geological vulnerability zones, including 3 moderate ecological geological vulnerability zones, that is, Jingfeng moderate ecological geological vulnerability zone (Ⅰ), Taiyue Mountain moderate ecological geological vulnerability zone (Ⅱ), and Jiaokou—Qinhe moderate ecological geological vulnerability zone (Ⅲ), and 1 high ecological geological vulnerability zone, that is, Wanghe—Liyuan high geological ecological vulnerability zone (Ⅳ). The research results have guiding significance for ecological geological restoration in Qinyuan County in the upper reaches of Qinhe River basin, and could provide reference for the territorial ecological protection and restoration zoning in Qinyuan County.