Abstract: Geological environment is the primary factor determining urban planning and land use selection. A deep understanding and analysis of the rock and soil stratigraphic characteristics in a region can lay a solid foundation for the development and utilization of its underground space. The strata in the spatial development main axis area of Liaoyang can be divided into eight basic types according to the formation causes, lithology, and engineering geological properties of the rock and soil mass, including artificial fill layers, clay layers, silty soil layers, sand layers, gravel layers, mudstone layers, shale layers, and limestone layers. Among these layers, the clay layers, silty soil layers, sand layers, and gravel layers are the main rock and soil masses. By analyzing the geological structure characteristics of the rock and soil masses, following the principle of "planar zoning and vertical evaluation", the authors evaluated the bearing capacity of rock and soil mass from four different depth ranges, including surface layer 0, 5) m, shallow layer 5, 10) m, middle layer 10, 30) m, and deep layer 30, 50) m. Besides, the engineering geological zones (3 engineering geological zones and 5 sub-zones) were divided, and the corresponding engineering construction suggestions were put forward. The research results could provide geological basis for future development of underground and above-ground space in the spatial development main axis area of Liaoyang, and provide important service support for urban planning and development.