Abstract: Three types of rare mineral resources include rare earth, rare metal and rare-scattered mineral resources, and their safe supply is relevant to the development and growth of strategic emerging industries of China. In recent years, China has made a series of new progress in prospecting for the three types of rare mineral resources. For example, the project team of the authors made the following progress in 2023. Firstly, a number of high grade and large- thickness veins of bastnaesite - fluorite - barite - calcite have been discovered in the periphery of Maoniuping ultra-large deposit in Mianning of Sichuan Province. Secondly, the ore bodies containing spodumene pegmatite have been drilled in the periphery of Jiada large deposit in Sichuan Province. These new discoveries will provide resource assurance for the development of strategic emerging industries of China. However, key rare metals such as lithium, niobium and tantalum are still relied on import in China. At present, numerous theoretical problems still exist in the investigation and research of the three types of rare mineral resources in China (such as genesis of the key typical deposits, spatial distribution of three types of rare mineral resources, etc.), and many bottlenecks are present in related technical areas, such as the detection technology, co-associated resources mining, beneficiation and smelting technology. In order to improve the comprehensive development and utilization of the three types of rare mineral resources and achieve results in the implementation of the new round of prospecting breakthrough strategy, the authors suggest strengthening the comprehensive study on the state of occurrence, industrial and genetic types, metallogenic models and exploration models of the three types of rare mineral resources.