Abstract: Urban inland lake wetland is important for urban ecosystem. The authors in this paper have taken Wuhu Lake of Wuhan as an example to evaluate distribution characteristics, influencing factors, enrichment pollution degree and ecological risk of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and heavy metals in surface sediments by mathematical statistics, nutrient index, geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk. The results show that the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter in the surface sediments in the northwest of Wuhu Lake were significantly higher than those in the southeast. The surface runoff and farmland may be main sources of nutrients around Wuhu Lake, and the paddy field was more conducive to the enrichment of total phosphorus in sedimentary. The mixed sources of organic matter in the sedimentary were endogenous aquatic plants and exogenous terrestrial plants, displaying a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen. The content of heavy metals in the sedimentary was generally low, with high Cd content in local parts, and the content is generally higher in the north than in the south. The enrichment and potential risk of heavy metals in sedimentary were generally low, with low enrichment of Cd and Pb in local parts and moderate potential risks of Cd and Hg. The potential ecological risk of sedimentary was low to medium, and the distribution of potential ecological risk is highly consistent with content of Cd in sedimentary.