Abstract: It is of great significance to establish a suitable set of operation and maintenance model and guarantee system in order to realize the long-term and stable operation of the system, and ensure the scientificity and accuracy of the observed data. Based on the analysis of the operation and maintenance model and guarantee experience of the observation station networks at home and abroad, the authors in this paper have combined the construction and operation of the pilot station networks for the comprehensive observation of natural resource elements, and put forward the framework of a comprehensive observation guarantee system for natural resource elements. This framework includes the operation and maintenance model of leadership + business execlotion + consultation and the guarantee system with funding guarantee, communication network guarantee, infrastructure equipment guarantee, data quality control guarantee, field observation station daily management and system, and talent team guarantee. The operation and maintenance model has a clear hierarchy, clear responsibilities, a wide coverage and defined purposes, which could basically meet the needs of long-term, stable, continuous operation and positioning observation for the comprehensive observation system of natural resource elements.