Abstract: In combination with the key strategy of national unconventional energy exploration and development, this paper focuses on the environmental geological survey of shale gas exploration and development zone in Fuling of Chongqing. The authors summarized the karst developing characteristics and distribution in the study area, and evaluated the regional water resources and groundwater quality. On this basis, they collected and analyzed the domestic and foreign data, and summarized six types of environmental(geological) problems triggered by shale gas exploration and development. And they pointed out that the geological environmental problems and risks need to be paid attention in five stages, such as exploration, drilling, fracturing, mining and silencing. There are water-soil pollution, geological hazards and air pollution in Fuling shale gas exploration and development zone. Two models of groundwater pollution, three types of pollution, and potential risk pathways of groundwater pollution were basically identified. The indicative factors of pollution in Fuling shale gas exploration development zone have been preliminarily ascertained, and the index system of geological environmental effect evaluation in this zone has been established, which can provide some guidance for the environmental geological survey of shale gas exploration and development. This research can provide support to the green development and ecological civilization construction of shale gas national new clean energy.